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Many people ask me what would make a good CCNA lab? Well, that can be a tricky question based upon your budget and future Cisco aspirations. So lets start off with a few basic concepts I hope we can all agree on. Real Routers

You need a physical router as the simulators just dont have the ability to give you the hands on you need to see what happens when you disconnect a cable, put a cable in the wrong location or just plain configure the interface incorrectly. Dependant on what you do by mistake, you may see either the interface or protocol go down and based upon that it should give you a clue of where to start troubleshooting(hint, what layer is the interface at and what layer is the protocol at?). Anyway, you will come to find quite quickly that mistakes you make on Router 1 are affecting Router 4 all because you did not screw in a cable properly. No simulator can simulate that, so a router is invaluable.

I also get occasionally asked if someone can use their D-Link router or such in their lab. That class of home router generally does not support protocols such as RIP, OSPF, IGRP, etc. nor do they support the Cisco IOS which is a majority of the CCNA exam. So the answer is they are not really applicable to building your Cisco CCNA lab.

How Many Cisco Routers Do I Need?

Two routers really are required to see if anything works. If you have a very limited budget, you can receive value from only purchasing a single router over working with a simulator. However, you will not be able to see the main thing we are trying to accomplish. The propagation of route tables and the routing of data! The only way you can see if your configurations work, is to have at least two routers. That said, if you can afford a kit with more than two routers, it will enable you to exercise more complex scenarios. Therefore, I strongly recommend that you purchase a dual router kit or better that comes with all the accessories you need. Otherwise you can spend days or weeks trying to find all the little extra pieces you need to get your lab up and running. I mention this as some other resellers are selling their kits with 2500 routers and they are not including transceivers. Well how will you use the Ethernet AUI ports without them?? So this is basically how I view it. One router will give you the ability to run the commands on it and allow you to memorize the correct syntax and context in which to run the commands. Two routers will allow you to be able to see route table information propagate, data propagation and path election. In addition, you will see basic device elections. With three or more routers you will get all of the above and full device elections. Hopefully these tips will help you pick the right CCNA lab kit for you budget.

Can We Build A Lab That Will Cover Every Single CCNA Exam Concept?

We get this question quite often. Yes, we can, but it is not realistic for most customers who are self studying as this will cost well in excess of $5,000. If you have that sort of budget available, we suggest you pick on of the CCNP kits as that will get you through your CCNA exam and well on your way to your CCNP certification.

How Many Cisco Routers & Cisco Switches Do I Need To Complete Your CCNA Lab Workbook?

Our CCNA Lab Workbook was designed with the knowledge that most of our customers cant afford a large lab. Keep in mind, that you will see a variety of labs that were written for three of four routers below. That does not mean you cant complete most of them. It just for the most part means they will not be as complex as they could be.

Number of labs requiring only one router ” 7

Number of labs requiring two routers ” 11

Number of labs requiring three routers ” 19

Number of labs requiring four routers ” 4

Number of labs requiring one or more switches – 8 What Are Some Things I Need To Consider For My CCNA Lab?

Two new topics have popped up for the new Cisco CCNA 640-802 exam. They are IPv6(IP Version 6) and SDM(Security Device Manager) which is a GUI based way to configure your routers and switches. A common question is can the Cisco 2500 series routers support IPv6? Yes, they can if they are maxed out with 16MB of DRAM and Flash. Here are some more specs on Cisco routers and required DRAM and Flash to support IPv6 assuming you have the correct IOS.

As mentioned before, SDM is Ciscos Security Device Manager and is the GUI option to configure your routers. It is not supported on some of the older models. But the good news from a lab perspective is that you do not need it on every router to get a good grasp on how SDM works. The Cisco 3640 router is going to be the cheapest way to get SDM with a 10mb Ethernet interface and the Cisco 2600XM series seems to be the cheapest way to get SDM with a 100mb Ethernet interface.

Finally, I also have an IOS version column. As you can see above, the Cisco 2500, 2600 and 3620 models only support 12.3 whereas the Cisco 2600XM and 3640 units support 12.4. So if you want to have exposure the latest IOS that is running on routers in the real world, right now that is 12.4. But if your budget does not allow for it, you will still find value in the routers that are running the older 12.3 IOS.

Why Do You Sell Routers With Memory That Cant Run IPv6?

Not everyone has the budget to support every feature. So you will see that we still offer Cisco 2500 router kits with 8MB of DRAM and 8MB of Flash as being able to practice on routers that support 85% of the concepts is better than nothing at all if you budget is tight. Anything Else You Can Suggest?

Well, a few things. The Cisco 2500s are serviceable routers for your CCNA studies still as long as you have the proper IOS and maxed out memory with all the accessories you need. You might say, but they are only 10mb routers. True, but they still work. The major drawback besides the aforementioned lack of SDM and 12.4 support is that with 10mb routers you cant do your inter-vlan routing labs with them(which is true of any of the 10mb routers). So just make sure you have at least one 100mb router in your lab so you can do inter-vlan routing and that takes care of that issue and helps to keep the cost of your lab down for those with a tight budget!

You want to make sure your router can support IPv6 as doing those labs will really help the IPv6 concepts sink in. Finally, SDM is more than likely the wave of the future, so you might as well start to get used to it now! Do I Need A Switch?

This can be debated a few different ways. First some people will say that 80% of the test is based on routing. To which I will agree. But with only a small margin of error between passing and failing, not fully understanding switching concepts such as VLANs, STP, and root elections could be the one question that stands between you passing and failing your exam. There will be some switch questions which are memorization based such as What is a Layer 2 protocol used to maintain a loop-free network? Thank goodness we memorized STP. That said, it would be nice for us to be able to actually see the switching concepts work. So this is basically how I view it. One switch will give you the ability to run the commands on the switch and allow you to memorize the correct syntax and context in which to run the commands. It will also allow you to do some of the VLAN labs. Two switches will allow you to see VTP Domain & VLAN information propagate. In addition, you will see basic device elections. With three or more switches you will get all of the above and full device elections. Remember, we are only at the CCNA level right now so we will not need a Layer 3 switch like a 3550 just yet. But it is a cool concept of your CCNP studies. Finally you may ask why do some of my dual router kits not have switches in them. Well because you can quite simply go to the section on our site labeled Switches and add the switch you would like to be a part of your kit. The switches don’t need extra transceivers, ports and such so I don’t really have to kit them up with the routers. We do have some of the larger kits that have both routers and switches in them too. What Switch Should I Get?

This is one that there is so much debate on these days. I will give you my thoughts on it and there are a hundred different ways you can build a lab. I will give you the information and let you decide how you want to build your lab.

The Cisco 2950 switch is the switch that is covered on the test and has the exact IOS command set that you will see on the lab. So if you can afford one, it is great to get. But sometimes when customers only have a $200 budget, I cant suggest for them to get a switch and forego the routers. After all, the test is 80% routing! Back to the Cisco 2950, this is the best switch for the test if you can afford it.

But lets say you cant afford that switch , but still want a switch, what is next? We have the Cisco 2900 series. This is a step down from the Cisco 2950 and supports all the same CCNA test commands except the switchport and global vlan command. So with that knowledge, this switch may just work for you.

Finally, there is the Cisco 1900 series switches. There is not a lot of demand for these so they can be purchased very cheap. Some people say they have absolutely no value in a CCNA lab. I tend to disagree for the most part. You may ask me, hey, what are you smoking? The IOS that the Cisco 1900 series switches support is not the IOS that is on the test so how can it be useful? Well, lets go into knowing that they IOS commands on the 1900 series are not the ones that are on the test. Ok, so we are not going to focus on them(remember, there are only a very few switch IOS commands on the CCNA exam in regard to syntax), but concepts that I find many people having a hard time understanding in how STP works, how the device elections are handled and such. Those concepts work exactly the same way on a 1900 as they do on the 2950 switch. Not to mention that you can do your VLAN, VTP and other similar labs on the switch to get an understanding on how they work. So hopefully you can see why I still carry them to help customers who are on a tight budget get exposure to such concepts. *Note, as of January 2009 the prices have come down on the 2900 series switches to the point it does not seem to be of great value for us to still carry the 1900 switches. The price between the two switch types is so close it is better to spend the extra few dollars and get a 2900 series switch.

Go to CiscoKits for your free Cisco Certification training. Cisco CCNA, CCNP, and CCIE training along with many options for Cisco home lab kits!

Google first launched their Google Earth software in 2005, and people were immediately fascinated by the potential of this very powerful tool. The first thing most people wanted to see was the images of where they live, and after that people typically started searching for famous landmarks, both locally and around the world. In addition to all of the amazing images that Google Earth was making available for everyone there was also a wealth of information and figures that were being provided as people sat in their homes and explored the planet.

Google Earth provides much more than this, it also provides much need information to emergency service workers throughout the United States and the world. It helps them quickly locate destinations that might otherwise be beyond their scope and in a very effective way that allows them to specify their searches to things like abandon buildings in a suspect region or can help to find travelers who have lost their way or become injured in desolate regions.

Because Google Earth is free to use, and is available to anyone with a PC and an internet connection, the ability to use Google Earth by emergency services personnel is available to every state, city, and town. While bigger cities were the first to adopt this technology many smaller towns are now adding Google Earth to their existing tools, making the job of first responders on the ground easier. Google Earth even has the ability to be enhanced, allowing fire fighters to have real time information on where a fire is, where it is spreading, and the best way to stop the spread of a large fire. This information in invaluable to those in command, whether it is the fire department or any other emergency services units. Google Earth is helping emergency services personnel save lives, and respond to situations more quickly and more efficiently.

While Google Earth does not provide images in true real time, the images are refreshed so frequently that it is close enough to assist emergency services departments everywhere. In addition to the information available to the average Google Earth users, emergency services personnel also receive additional features that are not available to the general public.

Google is always on the cutting edge, delivering new products that serve its users in many different ways. If you are looking for information on the internet, a specific tool to help you figure something out, or just something fun to do, Google can provide you with what you are looking for.

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Article marketing is the best possible solution for you if you are looking for ways to increase traffic on your infant website. It’s a simple enough tasks, all you need to do is post well researched articles on well-read websites and wait as people who read you articles are inspired by them to visit your website. The process though is harder than it sounds, it usually takes a lot of time to create an article, mush less crate many and post them on multiple sites.

The automated article submission software can be just the solution to your dilemma if you too intend to increase your sites traffic by posting articles.

A well researched article, when posted on a well trafficked forum eventually leads readers in search of much detailed information straight to your website. There are plenty of websites, commonly known as article directories that deal exclusively with article marketing. It provides a constantly updating forum for people to post their articles.

Keeping the task at hand, it would be very unwise to post your article on just one forum, there is already a very loud den of other people writing articles for marketing and you want to get heard above the den, you will have to post more and more articles.

An automated article submission software, though it claims to be able to make articles without any input from the user, needs a lot of input, though it is a very effective tool to save plenty of time. At first you will have to input the keywords for which the article should be based upon, remember not to use generalized keywords like arts and crafts or design, there are already plenty of articles that aim for those. Try writing your articles along specialized keywords, because even the readers understand the predicament in keeping the search general and go for the specialized keywords.

If you intend to make full use of an automated article submission software, it is recommended you take some time out and go through the article once, adding the human touch where required, considering the time it takes you to research and write an article and simply format an already written article, you definitely save plenty of time in the process. Nevertheless any number of short comings may still remain, due to the software not understanding the specifications of the article directory or due to your misinformed editing.

Though automated article submission software is a blessing of a tool, even it has some disadvantages. The program is after all inhuman software and thus lacks the humane touch that only a human can deliver. Besides, the software is also known to not be able to properly initialize the articles to the specific requirements of different article directories. If you intend to make the best use of the software, think of it rather as a tool, though it makes the task of article writing and posting very easy, it still requires the necessary human touch to operate fully.

Though automated article submission software can be a great help in your endeavors, still it cannot beat the professional help you can be offered through professional article writers. There are organizations that exclusively offer their professional experiences if you need articles posted, you can get highly customized articles most suited to your needs that way.

Pro will allow you to gain more points sooner and benefit from your downline. Seo Article Submission This means that you need to keep a page open or you need to stay and view the page within that range. There’s probably no stronger or more important meta tag than the description tag.

Do you like the way your nose or ears look? You don’t? Well, consider yourself lucky because if you lived back in the 1950’s you would be out of luck and would need to live with your defects. Even if they had the technology back then, the quantity of money you would have to pay to bear the process would cost a fortune. As a result, you and your nose would be the subject of dialogue all around town, and good luck getting any hot dates! The facility to change one’s appearance was not common in those days. But you are lucky to be living today because technology has evolved so much that virtually anything re physical look can be transformed. Altering your nose these days has become as common as changing your dress or pants.

The nose isn’t the sole sort of plastic surgery offered nowadays. Many of us now undergo such items as breast augmentations, eyelid surgery and laser surgery, skin resurfacing, hair removing and even body lifts. Now, these technological advances can be both bad and good. A classic example of surgery gone bad is found inside one of the most renown figures in history the world famous Michael Jackson. There are so many surgeries available that people have become obsessed with the changing their appearance to the limit that they do not even look like their old selves anymore.

So, being a cosmetic specialist (if you are), have you done anything to raise your market to catch such people? If you’ve not, this is the proper time to give it some thought and not just think, be proactive about it! Cosmetic surgeon SEO is an idea that has recently emerged that may radically change the whole industry! With the appearance of the Net and help from the World Wide Web, you can do little magical online selling tricks that will help you get a hold of as many customers as possible. Surgeon SEO is something that will help you do that.

SEO stands for search engine optimization. It is mandatory for someone like you to realize what SEO is. Say you have a clinic and you have got a website for your hospital. Is there any assurance that folk who are in need of cosmetic surgeons will find you? SEO is a method that has several methodologies to ensure that your website finds its place among the top rankings of search engines like Google, and so on. If you implement the methods of SEO, every time a person types the keyword ‘cosmetic surgeon’ (as an example) or some other related keyword, the top references returned by Google will have your website among them. This is simply an example to illustrate what search engine optimization means. Cosmetic surgeon SEO is a technique that is related to SEO concerning plastic surgery.

Cosmetic surgeon SEO offers a big opportunity for you to be noticed by your prospective patients. There are a lot of organizations that create websites for many things such as medical marketing and so on. This includes cosmetic surgery also. So, make use of this and getting hold of patients should be a piece of cake.

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For those that are trying their hand at video promotion for your website, you will want to know how to get the best video search engine optimization. Video promotion is growing with the growing use of broadband in private homes. People stayed away from video because it took too long to download and was almost impossible to stream.

A majority of the population would rather watch something than read about it. The consumer gets a chance to see how the item is utilized and it is then easier for them to picture themselves using the product at home. Most of the time, there are less questions that need to be asked once a consumer views a video.

Regardless of how well you use search engine optimization, if your video is not well made and interesting, no one will watch it. So you need to work on the overall content and presentation of your video. Once you have a well made video, you can then begin to start using video search engine optimization strategies.

Some of the traditional steps are to create a file name for your video that has your website in it title. The entire idea is to direct traffic to your website. It is not very effective if the traffic does not have an idea as to where to go.

You will also want to have a wordy description liberally sprinkled with keywords on one of your web pages that describes your video. Search engine spiders will seek these pages and your titles out when they are crawling through pages.

YouTube and AOL video are two places where you want your video to be. Again, be sure to maximize you title by using your website name and the word video. To help people find your video, be sure to place it in its proper category.

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When you are endeavoring to generate money with written material, the beauty of it is that you do not actually need previous work associated experience and that you can learn as you go. With that being said, there are particular skills you will wish to learn rapidly to help make your site prosperous. You cannot go in not knowing anything, not acquiring anything, and still expect to make a good revenue (or any revenue at all).

The first matter you need to ensure is how to pick the correct articles that will make your site successful. While high-priced content is more likely to return more money for your site, there are other forms of content such as free content, but they all have their good and bad points.

The next skill that you need to learn is how to pick the right keywords so that you can take hold of visitors and increase your rankings so that you are on the 1st or 2nd page in the searches. If you want to make it to the first 2 pages you have to know that picking the highly competitive keywords the big wigs are employing is not going to assist you.

Third, you will need to know how to optimize your websites for assorted search engines. Having SEO skills will help you employ your keywords the right way to make sure that you are going to build a successful site within your preferred niche.

You are going to have to know how to market your Internet site through adverts and text links if you are going to build a large website that will be the center of your new Internet marketing career. Some people choose to generate smaller 2 to 5 page niche websites, and if that is the situation, you will not want to promote all of your websites this way as you will use up all of your marketing finances.

To grow into an expert you are going to need to invest the time in learning these abilities and putting them into practice during the first couple of websites or the initial months of your larger site. As you can learn the ropes first hand by yourself, the single thing that you will need to do before you set about your new work is to read up on how to get going. It may be advisable that you spend out on a few selling e-books so that you can ensure you have the funds to start a small site.

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Using royalty-free music for your own projects can be a great way to boost your work, but what does royalty free mean?

Most royalty-free products are images, songs, or some other form of production that is being distributed for profit by a company or an individual. These products are generally offered for a one-time fee and they give the purchaser an unlimited use license. Then the purchaser can use the product for whatever reasons they see fit as many times as they want, as long as they stay within the guidelines of the license that comes with the product. The person who holds the copyright and publishing rights of the music will still own the rights even after transfer, and they have the right to apply whatever restrictions they see fit for your use of their product.

When you buy royalty-free music, you obtain the right to use the product as many times as you want, but you always have to follow the terms of service that applies to the music you purchase. The rightful owners still have the copyrights and the ability to restrict distribution of the product. There are often terms that will be specified at the time of acquiring the music that will guide you in knowing what rights you have when using the production.

If it were royalty-free products, you’d be able to use the product in any way you want with no restrictions, and it would be as if the product were actually yours.

Public domain products don’t have rightful owners or copyright restrictions. When using royalty-free products though, you need to follow all guidelines that are set out by the copyright owners.

Even though there are restrictions on royalty-free songs, you can usually use them as many times as you want for different purposes as long as you still work within the guidelines of the restrictions. If you read the licensing agreement of the music, you will know what limitations you have as well as the freedoms that are available to you.

Royalty-free music can be convenient compared to standard licensing agreements, because it can be cheaper to buy access to a song one time, rather than paying for each individual use of the music. You also have a wide range of different styles available to download, so you can the mood you’re looking for in an instant.

Discover where to get royalty free music, just click here.

Merchants who provide products and services online, mobile or physical retail locations and have to be cautious about several things. First, the costs associated with setting up an Internet merchant account need to be within reason. This fee should not prevent a merchant from moving forward due to high costs. A reasonable set up fee would be less than $30. Annual fees are not necessary and monthly rates should not be any more than a match to the set up cost. After all, companies such as PayLeap will make their profits by volume due to increased customer satisfaction.

While choices are a large part of commerce, why would any company want to choose exorbitant fees or services that are incomplete? When looking at an Internet merchant account such as PayLeap has to offer there is a lot to gain. Credit card rates can run some merchants into the ground. When there is a rate as low as 2.15 percent, plus .25 why would these merchants go elsewhere? What happens if there is a monthly minimum and it is not met? There are no such worries with PayLeap. No matter the minimum there are no minimum balance fees.

Streamlining business is convenient and just makes good sense. With an Internet merchant account through PayLeap the Internet merchant can count on credit card, ACH, echeck all in one application. Gift cards are becoming more popular by the day. Imagine what it would be like to be able to process them electronically. This is an exclusive of PayLeap.

Recurring billing is free, compared to almost $10 per month for other services. Uploading a batch is free as well as live training and support. The user licenses are at no charge to an unlimited number of designees. Fraud is a big issue, which travels among many businesses. Naturally there is no charge to detect fraud. The merchants, their customers and PayLeap come out ahead.

Traditional merchant account comes free with bundling. This puts PayLeap Internet merchant account offerings ahead. There are no fees for secure online payment or integration of the shopping cart. Any custom payment forms are at no charge and are standard. Including a private label with a company logo is a part of the package. When looking at options for Internet merchant accounts it pays to compare and make a decision based on industry standards. Additionally, look at features, which make payment-processing work for any Internet business.

Looking to find the bestInternet Merchant Account, then visit www.PayLeap.com to find the best Online Merchant Account solutions.

Article writing is necessary to great SEO service using 250- 500 word length articles for drawing intented traffic. These articles may be created with keywords and topics that will invite a flow of readers from search engines. Also good seo articles can be utilized as content for one of a kind, new, and up-to-date data for your website, we blog, or e-newsletter.

Finding a great, efficient, affordable and dependable SEO copywriter can be very difficult. Why not partner with a copywriter for hire and get worthy SEO articles created to fill your sites with a possible torrent of traffic? What to search for in a good quality SEO copywriter? Anyone may say they understand SEO article writing but to the determent of your company you must be careful in who you work with.

Although it looks like commonsense to find out if their personal website ranks high it is in fact rather the contrary most trained SEO writers write under a mentor and would never own the time to boost their own website if they are actually doing work.

The only reason my sites rank high in this instance is for the reason that as a highly experienced SEO copywriter I teach others and they in turn aid to boost my sites copying my systems throughput the training period, if a trainee or virtual worker can’t do good using my websites they do not do work for any client except if it is small support details.

So in searching for a writer ignore their websites and request data on a customer’s website that ranks bear in mind because of confidentiality in most cases the number of customers who give permission to reveal even the truth that a writer has performed work for them is normally slimmer than the actual numer of customers that writer has doen business with.

When all types of investigation fails writers even with smart clients who do not want anybody seeing their niche and therefore bringing in more rivalry will still offer testimonials. Search for writers with a growing database of testimonials for good work done by past customers.

Jason Myers is a professional writer and he writes mostly about seo advice online. He’s also interested in software development.